EDICIÓN N° 4 / JULIO 2006
 
 
Ponemos la metodología, experiencia y planteamientos de clase mundial
del Dr. Roger Schank, fundador de Socratic Arts, a disposición de las
organizaciones latinoamericanas.
 

LA IN-DIGESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Javier Martínez Aldanondo,
Gerente División Gestión del Conocimiento de Catenaria
jmartinez@catenaria.cl

 

No hay, hoy en día, directivo que se precie que no incluya en su discurso el término conocimiento y sus derivados sociedad o gestión del conocimiento. Sin embargo, muy pocos entienden de qué están hablando.

El conocimiento no es lo que creemos que es. Google no es una fuente de conocimiento, como tampoco lo es un powerpoint sobre técnicas de venta, una base de datos, un libro de liderazgo o esta columna. El conocimiento no es un objeto ni un contenido. Podemos hablar de gigas de información, de miles de páginas de información, de cientos de webs con información pero no podemos hablar en los mismos términos del conocimiento. Tampoco un curso entrega conocimiento.

El conocimiento es aquello que nos permite tomar decisiones y por tanto actuar. Si permite actuar, entonces se adquiere en el hacer, con la práctica y se demuestra en la acción y no hablando de ello. El aprendizaje NO es una ciencia que se pueda medir, no es exacto. Evaluamos el conocimiento de una persona a partir de su desempeño y no de lo que dice saber (examen) ¿Cómo determino si yo tengo más conocimiento que otra persona sobre cómo cocinar una paella o gestionar un proyecto de e-learning?

El conocimiento es inconsciente, intangible e invisible (está en las cabezas de las personas y no puede ser externo a ellas) y lo construye cada individuo a través de su experiencia cotidiana. Yo puedo leer libros sobre Maradona o Michel Jordan y ver cientos de videos con sus mejores jugadas y eso no me permite disponer del conocimiento que ellos tenían para jugar a fútbol o basket. Por esa razón, el conocimiento es difícil de gestionar e imposible de explicitar y transferir.

Todos tenemos conocimiento para andar, hablar, leer o comer aunque no necesitamos pensar para ejecutar esas actividades. ¿Obvio verdad? Cuando teníamos 1 año, no lo era tanto, lo que ocurre es que hemos olvidado cómo lo aprendimos y lo hemos automatizado. Para construir conocimiento, hay que aprender, es decir, hay que acumular experiencia reutilizable en el futuro y para ello se necesita tiempo, motivación y, sobre todo, mucha práctica. Si hablamos de conocimiento, no se trata de saber, se trata de hacer.

El colegio y la universidad nos han convencido de que aprender consiste en escuchar y repetir (Sé cómo se hace pero no se hacerlo) en lugar de practicar y equivocarse (Sé hacerlo pero me cuesta explicar cómo lo hago). El inconsciente es el que guía nuestras acciones pero solo aprende de una manera: por experiencia repetida. Contar las cosas a los alumnos en un aula es perder el tiempo, no nos escuchan y además estamos hablando al yo equivocado. Maradona me puede contar mil veces cómo le hizo su gol a Inglaterra pero nada de eso servirá para que yo lo pueda hacer.

En realidad, los directivos hablan de Información y su confusión tiene una importancia decisiva. Cada vez tenemos más información, estamos sometidos a una verdadera sobredosis diaria desde múltiples fuentes. Pero al mismo tiempo vivimos con la angustia permanente de que el conocimiento que tenemos no es suficiente.

Es urgente desterrar la gravísima falacia de creer que recopilar, distribuir y acumular información (Internet es una fuente inagotable) equivale a generar conocimiento que además se sabrá usar apropiada y eficientemente. Aprenderse de memoria un diccionario no significa aprender un idioma.

 
 
ENTER MILO
Roger Schank, CEO Socratic Arts
roger@socraticarts.com
 

Like most parents, I fought with my sixteen year old daughter about the limits of the newfound freedom that came with her driver's license. Why did she have to be home by ten even on a weekend? Why couldn't she drive to a party twenty miles away? Why was I so mean? She promised she would never drink and drive. Why didn't I trust her?

My daughter and I get along rather well but this dispute keeps coming up. This is somewhat surprising since she is now in her thirties. She would never have done that to a child and she won't do that to her child. We'll see, I say. No. This was the worst thing I ever did to her as a child. She says back. (I can't help but think that this is actually a nice thing to hear her say - but that's me.)

Last week something interesting happened. I became a grandfather. I couldn't resist. As she sat there feeding little Milo I gently inquired: Do you think he can stay out until 3 AM when he gets his driver's license?

No was the simple answer.

Funny how that worked out.

And what does this tell us about learning?

Obviously my daughter learned something within the first few days of the birth of her son. What did she learn? She learned about herself. She learned how it felt to have a child. And, she learned how she felt about potential dangers to that child. (This latter epiphany came from some of the initial worries and trips back and forth to the hospital that are routine for many newborns but were hardly routine in her life.)

In short she learned how she might feel if something were to happen to her son and she can extrapolate sixteen years forward. Of course, as all parents know, she ain't seen nothin yet.

What kind of learning is this?

It is the learning that comes from powerful emotions. It is also the kind of learning that causes irrevocable change. You would not expect my daughter to change her point of view any time soon. She has undergone a profound experience that has caused deep emotions which in turn cause irrevocable change. If only you could harness this kind of learning in corporate training. If only some emotional experience could cause irrevocable change in employees.

Hmmm…

Why not create powerful emotional experiences in your trainees?

Or, to put this another way: how can you expect trainees to really learn something, I mean really know it in their hearts, if they haven't had a powerful emotional experience?

What would such experiences look like you ask?

Before we answer that we must think about the domains in which such experiences might be possible. For example, they would not be possible in basic orientation to the company's policies and procedures. They would not be possible in training in the use of Excel. They would not be possible when teaching people how to prepare a business plan.

Why not?

For the same reason that it was not possible to tell my daughter why my policies were what they were when she was sixteen. You gotta feel it and you aren't gonna feel all that much about Excel.

So, besides babies, what do we feel powerfully about?

Not policies that's for sure. Not methods for preparing a report either.

People feel powerfully about human things. About how others perceive them, for example. About their own sense of self worth.

Or to put this another way, what aspects of business are like having a new baby around?

The training that you do that involves people, management training and sales training for example, is a candidate for what I will call powerful-emotion simulation training (PEST.)

How does it feel to lose a key client and cause the company to head towards bankruptcy? Bad? Really bad? So terrible it makes your stomach hurt for days? Do you think you might remember an experience like that? Do you think you might think about what happened and work to never see anything like it happen again?

The issue in simulations is to be a PEST creator. You must knock your trainees for a loop when they make a mistake in a way that causes them never to make that mistake again. Now obviously, you can't do that all the time. You need to do it when it matters and make it feel real. Also obviously, this is not something you do light-heartedly (or when there might be a law suit.)

So what if you want to be a PEST? What do you do?

You create baby-worrying equivalent experiences. What in business life feels like worrying about a child? Worrying about whether others like you perhaps, or think you are competent? Worrying about how your career will work out? Worrying about if you are infective or if you can improve on things you know you are bad at? Actually people worry about a lot of things besides their own children with great passion. You can be pretty upset if you think your business life is simply not going to work out. And, if you do think that and found there was something you could do about it, you might just work real hard at doing it.

For years in speeches I have pointed out (by giving a test) that people remember nothing of the long winded safety announcements at the beginning of every airplane trip. I suggest that if the airlines wanted you to remember what to do in the case of a crash they would have a simulated crash before every flight. Of course they don't do this. They also don't really care all that much.

But, you do.

You need to create situations where people get fired, or lose a client, or get physically attacked by someone they have wronged, or get brow beaten by someone who thinks they screwed up, or actually feel they might die. How do you do this? Be a PEST. Create simulations, live or on a computer, that feel so real they really frighten people.

Crazy?

Maybe.

But people don't forget really frightening experiences and not forgetting is the same as learning. We don't forget what we deeply feel.

 
 
 

Catenaria - Gestión del Conocimiento
Agustinas, 1350 / Teléfono 56 - 2 - 2905404 / Mail: jmartinez@catenaria.cl / Santiago, Chile